Problem Set 2.3: Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation in Excel Criterion: Calculate measures of variability in Excel from a group of raw scores. Data: A sample of likes per post on Facebook: 45, 789, 16, 5, 486, 1, 87, 18, 48, 1

Problem Set 2.3: Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation in Excel

Criterion: Calculate measures of variability in Excel from a group of raw scores.

Data: A sample of likes per post on Facebook: 45, 789, 16, 5, 486, 1, 87, 18, 48, 1

Instructions: Complete the following steps:

1. Install the data analytics package in Excel.

• If you are unsure about how to do this, visit Load the Analysis Toolpak in Microsoft Excel, which has tutorials for both Windows and Mac. Used with permission from Microsoft.

2. Enter the data above into Excel using the variable name Data. In cell A1, type the word “Data.” Then, enter the data above in cells A2 to A11.
3. In the Toolbar, click Data Analysis, Select Descriptive Statistics, then click Ok.
4. Next to input range type: $A$2:$A$11
5. Double-check that summary statistics have a check next to it.
6. Click OK. A new sheet will appear to the right with your data.
7. Copy and paste the descriptive statistics table below.
   • Highlight the range, mean, and standard deviation.

Table 4

Problem Set 2.4: Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation in JASP

Criterion: Calculate measures of variability in JASP.

Data: Use dataset likes. jasp. This dataset is a sample of likes per post on Facebook.

Instructions: Complete the steps below.

1. Download likes. jasp. Double-click the icon to open the dataset in JASP.
2. In the Toolbar, click Descriptives.
3. Select Likes and then click Arrow to send it over to the Variables box.
4. Check the Transpose descriptives table.
5. Select Statistics. In the menu that opens, check the boxes for Mean, Std. Deviation, Variance, and Range. Select all other boxes.
6. Copy and paste the descriptive statistics table below.
7. Highlight the range, mean, and standard deviation.
8. Answer: Does your mean equal the mean calculated in Problem Set 2.3? Yes

Problem Set 2.5: Probability and Conditional Probability 

Criterion: Compute the probability.

Instructions: Read the following and answer the questions.

Researchers are often interested in the likelihood of sampling outcomes. They may ask questions about the likelihood that a person with a particular characteristic will be selected to participate in a study. In this exercise, we will select a sample of one participant from the following hypothetical student population of new and returning students living on or off campus. The population is summarized in the following table.

1. What is the probability of selecting a new student participant?  0.5
2. What is the probability of selecting a returning student participant? 0.5
3. What is the probability of selecting a student who lives on campus? 55%

(Assignment continues on next page.)

4. What is the probability of selecting a student who lives off campus? 45%
5. What is the probability of selecting a new student, given that they live off campus? 0.44
6. What is the probability of selecting a returning student, given that they live on campus? 0.45
7. What is the probability of selecting a new student, given that they live on campus? 0.55
8. What is the probability of selecting a returning student, given that they live off campus? 0.56
9. What is the probability of selecting a student who lives on campus, given that they are a new student? 0.6
10. What is the probability of selecting a student who lives off-campus, given that they are a new student? 0.4
11. What is the probability of selecting a student who lives on campus, given that they are a returning student? 0.5
12. What is the probability of selecting a student who lives off-campus, given that they are a returning student? 0.4 0r 45%

Problem Set 2.6: Determining Probability 

Criterion: Determine the probability.

Instructions: Read and answer the question below.

Probability of first marriage among women. A National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) brief report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2009 identified that about 6% of women in the United States married for the first time by their 18th birthday, 50% married by their 25th birthday, and 74% married by their 30th birthday.

Based on these data, what is the probability that in a family with two daughters, the first and second daughters will be married by each of the following ages?

1. 18 years of age:0.0036
2. 25 years of age:0.25
3. 30 years of age:0.5476

Problem Set 2.7: Understanding Normal Distribution

Criterion: Solve problems with information about normal distributions and probabilities.

Instructions: Read the following and answer the questions.

Judging the humorousness of “lawyer” jokes. Stillman et al. (2007) conducted a study where participants listened to a variety of jokes. To determine how funny the jokes were, the researchers asked a group of 86 undergraduates to rate the jokes on a scale from 1 (very unfunny) to 21 (very funny). Participants rated a “lawyer joke” as one of the funniest jokes, with a rating of 14.48 ± 4.38 (M ± SD).

Assuming that these data are normally distributed,

1. What was the rating that marks the cutoff for the top 10% of participant ratings for this joke? 20.09
2. How many of the 86 undergraduates gave the joke a rating of at least 10? 73

Problem Set 2.8: Calculating z Scores in JASP

Criterion: Calculate z scores using JASP.

Data: Use the dataset ratings. jasp. This dataset is a record of how a sample of senior citizens rated the Internet on a 1–10 scale, with 1 being “really distrust it” and 10 being “completely trust it”:

Instructions: Complete the steps below.

1. Download ratings. jasp. Double-click the icon to open the dataset in JASP.
2. Just below the Toolbar, click the + sign next to the column labeled Rating. 
3. Type “Z scores” in the box, then click Create Column. A formula box will appear below the Toolbar.
4. Use the scrollbar on the right side of the formula box to scroll down and select zScores(y).
5. On the left side of the box, click Rating, then drag it into the formula box to replace the word values. Click the Compute column at the bottom of the formula box.  You will see that the z scores have been added to the file. Paste a screenshot of the dataset, showing the z scores, into the Word document.

Answer: Which number of ratings is closest to the z score of 0?